Coronary Heart Disease Overview
It develops when fatty material, calcium, and scar tissue (plaque) were combined and builds up in the arteries that supply the heart with blood. Through these arteries, called coronary arteries the heart muscle (myocardium) gets oxygen and other nutriens it needs to pump blood.
Chronology
The plaque often narrows the artery so that the heart does not get enough blood.
This slowing of blood flow causes chest pain, or angina.
If plaque completely blocks blood flow, it may cause a heart attack (myocardial infarction) or a fatal rhythm disturbance (sudden cardiac arrest)
As a child, the inner lining of the coronary arteries is quite smooth, allowing blood to flow easily. As a person ages, the cholesterol and calcium content in the walls of the coronary arteries increases, making them thicker and less elastic.
Unhealthy habits, such as a diet high in cholesterol and other fats, smoking, and lack of exercise accelerate the deposit of fat and calcium within the inner lining of coronary arteries.
This process is known as atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. The deposits, or plaques, eventually obstruct the blood vessel, which begins to restrict blood flow.
Plaque is like a firm shell with a soft inner core containing cholesterol. As blood hits it during each heartbeat, the plaque may crack open and expose its inner cholesterol core, which promotes blood clotting. Clots may further reduce blood flow, causing severe pain (angina), or even block it all together.
What cause the appearance of serious disease?
Heredity, levels of cholesterol in blood above the healthy level, smoking habit,
Obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, lack of exercises, high fat diet, stress, and type A personality (impatient, aggressive, and competitive).
Symptoms
Cardiac arrest for most people who have previous heart attack
Chest pain on exertion (angina pectoris), which may be relieved by rest
Shortness of breath on exertion
Jaw pain, back pain, or arm pain, especially on left side, either during exertion or at rest
Weakness on exertion or at rest.
Feel dizzy/fainting.
Irregular heartbeat.
When to Seek Medical Care
If you have any of these conditions, please contact your health care provider. You may affect by the heart disease. These symptoms include of chest pain, feeling indigestion, shoulder or arm pain, jaw pain, shortness of breath after exertion, fainting, pain in the upper part of abdomen, unexplained nausea, vomiting/sweating, palpitations or dizziness.
Types of Heart Disease
Types of heart disease that affect the electrical system are known as arrhythmias. They can cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly. These types of heart disease include Sinus tachycardia, Sinus bradycardia, Atrial fibrillation, Atrial flutter, Supraventricular tachycardia, Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, Ventricular tachycardia, Ventricular fibrillation.
Self Care at Home
Lifestyle changes are the most powerful way to prevent heart disease from getting worse or of reducing the risk of getting heart disease in the first place. The phenomenal drop in the heart disease death rate over the past 30 years has been due more to reducing risk factors than to advances in treatment.
Some of the tips are:
Eat a healthy heart diet, avoid take fat source food, lower the blood levels, do regular exercise, quit smoking, control high blood pressure, take a low dose aspirin daily.
Treatment
1.Aspirin: When taken daily or every other day, aspirin reduces the risk of developing angina or heart attack by reducing the tendency of your blood to clot.
2.Beta-blockers: Beta-blockers decrease your heart rate and blood pressure, thus reducing your heart’s demand for oxygen
3.Calcium channel blockers: Calcium channel blockers dilate the coronary arteries to improve blood flow. They also reduce blood pressure, and slow heart rate.
4.Statins: Statin drugs work by reducing the amounts of lipids (cholesterol and other fats) in your blood.
5.Coronary angioplasty (PTCA): This procedure is similar to coronary angiography (cardiac catheterization or a dye study to visualize the inside of coronary arteries) but is therapeutic as well as diagnostic.
6.Stent: A stent is a small, sieved, coil-like metallic tube or scaffold mounted over a balloon. Stent: A stent is a small, sieved, coil-like metallic tube or scaffold mounted over a balloon.
7.Atherectomy: Sometimes the plaques become too rigid, bulky, or calcified to be treated with angioplasty or a stent.
8.Brachytherapy: Radiation is applied to the blockage to clear it.
What will they do if your health cant improve?
For the severe patient who doesnt have chances to improve, they will be advice to undergo a surgery. There are several types of surgery including of Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), Off-pump bypass surgery, Minimally invasive coronary bypass (MINI-CABS), Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR). Please get the advice from medical experts for the suitable surgery.
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